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Benchmarking Inflammatory Cascades

In the past, control of inflammation in body organ/tissue has relied mostly on Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)are a large group of pharmaceutical Drugs that inhibit inflammation by inhibiting the endogenous enzymes that catalyze the production of prostaglandins, which are  are a group of endogenous fatty acids normally manufactured within the body and very rarely obtained via the diet.
All Prostaglandins have 20 Carbon atoms, a 5-membered ring, and 2 side chains. They differ in the number of double bonds in their side chain.

Prostaglandins act in a manner similar to that of hormones, by stimulating target cells into action. However, they differ from hormones in that they act locally on cells, near their site of synthesis,  they are short-lived and therefore metabolized very rapidly.

Another unusual feature of prostaglandins is that the same prostaglandins function differently in different tissues. Some prostaglandins are stronger in their function than others.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) is the one we are discussing here, and only as it relates to the musculoskeletal system for the present. PGE₂ is formed  in a variety of cells from PGH₂ which itself is synthesized from Arachidonic Acid (AA), this is what we call a bad although necessary hormone (eicosanoid), which in small amount is not aproblem but when we get too much oimega-6 and not enough omega-3 in our diet we manufacture excessive amounts of AA and that is what builds PGE₂ the inflammatory factor.

We need a ratio of 2 parts omega-6 to one part omega-3 (2:1) for anti-inflammatory control. most people in our society have 20-50 to 1 if they are eating some fish or flax seed. thus we are a society riddled with inflammation. Worse: elevated levels of PGE₂ interferes with the formation of bones and increases bone resorption rate.

However, we know that optimally low levels of PGE₂, on the other hand, stimulates bone formation, and is therefore a double edged sword.

PGE₂ is also involved in the onset and progression of cachexia an ailment involving abnormally low weight, excessive weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness and general bodily decline.

One of the most telling effects of PGE₂ is that it is involved in the breakdown of cartilage in every joint in the body, especially the weight bearing and articular joints. It is a fact that the need for joint replacement is due mostly to wearing out of the articular cartilage.

It gets worse because excessive PGE₂ activity increases the risk of osteoporosis in that PGE₂  promotes the maturation of osteoclasts from precursor cells. Osteoclasts continually travel through bone tissue seeking out old or diseased  bone that has become mineralized and in need of renewal. Osteoclasts act by dissolving the  mineralized tissues leaving unfilled spaces behind, for filling by osteoblasts.

Excessive production of PGE₂ stimulates the degradation of skeletal muscle which therefore interferes with muscle growth

Rheumatoid arthritis more than osteoarthritis is caused by excessive production/activity of PGE₂, with consequent inflammation. These actions of PGE₂we know as an inflammatory cascade.

The NSAIDs work by knocking out (INHIBITING) both types of PGE, (1 & 2). PGE 1 is a friendly prostaglandin and as a result of a scarcity caused by the NSAIDs the joints are further compromised. In the long-term destroyed by the very medicine supposed to help.

Proresolvin To The Rescue.
A clinical study was conducted by Dr. Andrew Flowers at Southern Cross University (Australia) to assess the anti-inflammatory action and potency of Proresolvin compared to Aspirin, Chondroitin Sulphate powder, Chondroitin sulphate tablets, and Bovine Tracheal Cartilage (liquid).

The solvent control was 5µL H₂0.

The final result demonstrated that Proresolvin was up to a massive 32 times the anti-inflammatory action of the other substances tested. Hereunder is the Table of comparisons.

Understanding that these statistics may mean little or nothing to the non-mathematical, as is the writer, what is interesting if not a revelation is the fact that Aspirin obviously inhibits the conversion of PGE₂ and thus exhibiting its anti-inflammatory action.

In contrast the Chondroitin's and Cartilage which contains Chondroitin exert a different action and therefore must act through a pathway other than the synthesis of PGE₂ from PGH_{2 .} Dr Flowers stated: These results show that these products (Chondroitins & Cartilage), although successful (in clinical trials) in the treatment of inflammatory processes, must act through a pathway other than the synthesis of PGE₂ from PGH₂.

Proresolvin does not work like the Non-Steroidal-Anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), which in the long term destroy joint function.
 

Proresolvin is specially formulated and produced by a unique extraction method (biopure®) from totally natural substances and therefore is free of untoward side effects.

 •        The recommended dosage of ProResolvin®  is 10ml once daily in water or juice, however, this can be safely increased to twice daily initially for maximum effect

•        Many patients have reported a reduction in discomfort as soon as 7 days after beginning ProResolvin® but results will    obviously vary between individuals

Following are quotes from just a few of the people  who are currently gaining significant relief from taking ProResolvin®

 TESTIMONIAL

“Four years ago I badly crushed my left ankle…..it became the source of much frustration and pain due to the amount of damage. It was attributed to arthritis.”

“I tried many things including pain killers and acupuncture but nothing worked….I was told the only option was surgery which I declined.”

“Two months ago I was given the opportunity to try ProResolvin. After only two weeks I started to notice that the pain in my ankle had reduced quite significantly but most pleasing of all was the return of some more flexibility in the joint.”

“Without the use of ProResolvin I believe that my career would have come to an abrupt end….I now see a much brighter future.”

Paul Parkes

  (28 year old Professional Surfer)

 TESTIMONIAL

“For many years I have suffered from the pain and discomfort of osteoarthritis. My hips …. became so painful that my regular four km walk was impossible …. over the last ten years I have had cortisone injections with only minimal relief.”

“A family member introduced me to ProResolvin. After six weeks there was some improvement. I have now been taking 10ml daily for over six months and am very happy with the results. I can once again go walking and a full day out can be enjoyed.”

“For the first time in many years I am no longer taking any medication for arthritis (which caused side effects meaning more medication!). My sincere thanks to those involved with the research and production of ProResolvin.”

Barb Avery

(69 year old active retiree)

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